Temporomandibular joint(TMJ) ankylosis mainly accounted for infection and trauma in temporomandibular region. The lesions caused fibrous adhesions or synostosis around TMJ capsule or in joint space. If the lesions dealing with TMJ especially in childhood, it couldn't  acquire enough attention, and more easily to resulted to ankylosis compared to same or in less severe grades damage in adult. There are considerable reasons of TMJ ankylosis occurring mostly in children and which could resulted in severe maxillofacial abnormalities and functional impairment. During medical aiding Africa in The Republic of Congo, a case of childhood TMJ ankylosis by reason of a fall wound in mental region was cured by me and local surgeons. Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint was accomplished by using temporalis myofascial flap as a interpositional agent.

temporomandibular joint ankylosis, arthroplasty, temporalis myofascial flap