Objective: To explore the neural differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) induced by neural-induced conditional medium in vitro, and to study the optimal concentration of forskolin and the effect of optimal concentration on neurogenic differentiation of ASCs in vitro. Methods: ASCs were isolated by enzyme digestion method. The phenotype and differentiation ability of stem cells are identified by flow cytometry and cell staining. Nerve induction differentiation was performed in vitro by neural-induced conditional medium containing different concentrations of forskolin, and the optimal concentration was screened by immunofluorescence staining. ASCs were induced by neural-induced conditional medium containing the optimal concentration of forskolin and the morphological changes of cells were observed by microscope before induction, 6 h after induction and 24 h after induction. Effects of induction on rat ASCs were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Results: The optimal concentration of forskolin in neuralinduced conditional medium was 10 µmol/L, and the cells induced by neural-induced conditional medium containing 10 µmol/L forskolin could rapidly induce ASCs to differentiate in the direction of nerve formation. After induction, the cell morphology was similar to nerve cells. Results of RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence indicated that the expressions of anti-class Ⅲ β-tubulin (Tuj1), neurofilament-M (NF-M), nestin and S100 β at the mRNA level and protein level were increased after induction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nerve differentiation of ASCs can be induced by conditional medium containing 10 µmol/L forskolin, and the induced cells are expected to become seed cells of facial nerve conduits.
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect, advantages, and disadvantages of digital polyetheretherketone cyst plug in fenestration decompression of jaw cyst. Methods: A total of thirteen patients with jaw cyst who underwent surgery in Tongji University Stomatological Hospital from 2021 to 2022 were treated with fenestration decompression and digital polyetheretherketone cyst plug after operation. Through clinical examination and imaging data, the effect of digital polyetheretherketone cyst plug was evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was conducted regularly to observe the shrinkage of cyst cavity, the formation of new bone, the occurrence of complications and the wearing satisfaction of cyst plug. Results: In some cases, mild mouth opening restriction and cheek swelling appeared in those who pulled out the impacted teeth in the capsule cavity at the same time of fenestration. Questionnaire survey showed that all indexes were acceptable or satisfactory except one patient who was dissatisfied with the appearance of cyst plug. The new bone deposition rates measured in 3, 6, 9, 12 months
after operation were 71.03% (59.37%, 82.84%), 82.75% (77.25%, 88.66%), 89.93% (86.41%, 95.08%), and 94.21% (90.21%, 95.09%) respectively. The reduction rates of cysts measured in 3, 6, 9, 12 months after operation were 96.91% (92.47%, 98.65%), 100% (98.36%, 100%), 100% (99.79%, 100%), and 100% (100%, 100%) respectively. Conclusion: Digital polyetheretherketone cyst plug, with its unique material advantages and design advantages, has achieved good therapeutic effect in the application of fenestration decompression, and patients' wearing satisfaction is high, which is worthy of further promotion.
Objective: To investigate the expression distribution and its relationship to prognosis of co-stimulation molecule B7 homolog4 (B7-H4) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Methods: The study selected paraffin-embedded blocks of cancerous tissues from 99 cases of OTSCC patients and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 30 OTSCC patients, all of which were archived by the Department of Pathology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2006 and December 2018. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the B7-H4 expression in cancerous tissue and the para-cancerous tissue. Chi-square test was used to obtain the correlation between the B7-H4 expression in OTSCC tissues and clinical pathological features. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method) was used to analyze the association between B7-H4 expression and patient overall survival (OS). Cox model was used to analyze the correlation between clinical pathological features and patient prognosis. Results: The immunohistochemistry results showed that B7-H4 was not expressed or low intensity expression in 40 cases (40.4% of the total sample), and high intensity expression in 59 cases (59.6% of the total sample) of OTSCC tissues. The results of clinical pathology data analysis in 99 patients with OTSCC showed that the expression of B7-H4 was correlated with clinical stage (P<0.001), and the expression of B7-H4 was correlated with N stage (P<0.001); Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the OS of patients with higher B7-H4 expression was lower than that of patients with lower B7-H4 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (HR=1.013, 95%CI=1.004-1.022, P<0.05). Uni-factor Cox model analysis indicated that T stage, degree of tissue differentiation, tumor size, and B7-H4 expression were correlated with the prognosis of OTSCC; multi-factor Cox model analysis indicated that B7-H4 high expression (HR=1.015, 95%CI=1.005 3-1.024, P<0.01) and degree of tissue differentiation (HR=1.665, 95%CI=1.004 7-2.760, P<0.05) were independent prognostic factors of OTSCC patients. Conclusion: B7-H4 expresses highly in OTSCC and can be used as a major factor in the prognosis evaluation of OTSCC patients.
Objective: To apply bioinformatics technology to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) microarray data to further predict potential targets and prognostic genes. Methods: GSE23558 and GSE138206 datasets were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database to analyze DEGs of OSCC and normal oral mucosa
tissues online with the help of GEO2R; the associated pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key network nodes were analyzed, and the top 25 hub genes were screened and verified through multiple external databases. The Timer website was used to analyze the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints. Based on Lasso-Cox algorithm, a prognostic risk model of related genes was constructed. A nomogram containing prognostic risk model and multiple clinicopathological factors was constructed. Results: Integrin α3 (ITGA3) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) genes were highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues and were correlated with poor prognosis of patients (P<0.05). ITGA3 was considered to be a potential immunotherapy target with future clinical significance. The prognostic model based on SPP1 and ITGA3 genes can effectively predict the prognosis of OSCC patients. Conclusion: ITGA3 and SPP1 may be biomarkers for the prognosis of OSCC patients. These results provide new clues for exploring the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of OSCC.
Objective: To analyze the factors influencing labial bone resorption six months after delayed implant placement with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the anterior maxillary region. To explore the impact of the labial bone width at the time of second-stage surgery on marginal bone loss, 1 year after final restoration. Methods: The retrospective cohort study included 57 patients with 94 implants and with a follow-up of 1 year after final restoration. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was used to measure the labial horizontal bone width and vertical bone height of implants immediately after surgery (T1) and six months later (T2). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to analyze the factors affecting horizontal and vertical bone resorption. Implants were categorized into three groups based on labial bone width measured by CBCT six months postoperatively: 0 mm bone wall group, <2 mm bone wall group, and ≥2 mm bone wall group respectively. The impact of labial bone width on marginal bone resorption was explored through one-year follow-up after prosthetic loading. Results: Noncontained defects and implant connection with healing abutments were correlated with less horizontal and vertical bone resorption. Results from the one-year follow-up revealed that there was no significant difference among the three groups. Soft tissue augmentation at implant sites were significantly associated with less marginal bone loss. Conclusion: Six months after GBR, the use of healing abutments and contained defects intraoperatively favored the preservation of horizontal and vertical bone volume. Soft tissue augmentation at implant sites contributed to maintaining stable marginal bone level.
Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of mandibular condyle fractures managed by surgical and conservative procedures based on new classification. Methods: A total of 45 patients with 57 condyle fractures who were referred to Department of Stomatology in Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University and Suzhou Kowloon Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were retrospected. The data were related to causes of injury, fracture classification, treatment methods, complications, and follow-up results. These data were then analyzed. Results: There were 11 females and 34 males, with an average age of 34.67 years (16-76 years). Traffic accidents were the main cause of injury (56%). There were 26 cases (35 sides) of intracapsular condyle head fractures. Among them, there were 13 cases (13 sides) of type A, 7 cases (11 sides) of type B, 1 case (1 side) of type C, 3 cases (6 sides) of type M and 2 cases (4 sides) of no displacement. There were also 12 cases (13 sides) of condylar neck fractures, and 7 cases (9 sides) of condyle base fractures. Ten cases of condylar head fractures including 4 cases of type B, 1 case of type C, 3 cases of type M and 2 cases of no displacement, and 3 cases of condylar neck fractures. Thirteen cases were treated conservatively. Sixteen cases of condylar head fractures including 13 cases of type A and 3 cases of type B, 9 cases of condylar neck fractures and 7 cases of condyle base fractures (a total of 32 cases) were treated surgically. Five patients were lost to follow-up, forty patients had follow-ups over 6 months. There were 3 cases of pain, 1 case of TMJ clicking, and 1 case of limited mouth opening in conservative treatments group. Postoperative complications showed 1 case of condyle resorption and 2 cases of facial nerve injury. Conclusion: Mandibular condyle fractuers should be considered in combinantion with new fracture classification and patient's general condition, and a reasonable individualized treatment plan should be selected.
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of closure therapy for myalgia temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in different sites and subtypes. Methods: A retrospective study of 53 patients with myalgia TMD treated with lidocaine and vitamin B12 combined with compound betamethasone topical muscle closed therapy was conducted. The clinical efficacy assessment, maximum mouth opening, jaw movement distance, muscle pressure pain index (PI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before treatment, first and third month after treatment were compared and analyzed. Results: After a course of treatment, the patients' maximum mouth opening and jaw movement distance increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and the PI and VAS scores decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), resulting in a better clinical efficacy. Conclusion: For different sites and subtypes of myalgia TMD, closure therapy can effectively relieve pain and reduce the degree of dysfunction, and this treatment method has certain clinical value.
The application of deep learning (DL) has become widespread with the development of digital medicine. At present, DL has been gradually applied to the fields of stomatology. Multiple studies have applied DL, combined with preoperative examination images such as X ray and cone beam CT (CBCT) images, to assist clinical diagnosis and decisionmaking in dealing with impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM). Besides, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury is one of the most serious sequelae after extraction of IMTM. Combined with imageological examination, DL can provide objective and accurate estimation of the risk of IAN injury to improve the outcome of treatment. This paper reviews the current application of DL in preoperative image recognition, preoperative auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation, and IAN injury prognosis prediction in the extraction of IMTM, and looked into the role of DL in the extraction of IMTM in the future.
Stem cells derived from dental tissues are endemic in oral areas and they are of great significance to the regeneration of alveolar bone and the reconstruction of alveolar bone. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was found to be involved in regulating osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from tooth-related tissues. In this review, we review the latest research progress on the role, regulatory targets and specific mechanisms of lncRNA in the osteogenic differentiation of toothrelated tissue-derived stem cells.
α-ketoglutarate acid (AKG) is an essential intermediary metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism. By participating in the generation of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) and the biosynthesis of a variety of important amino acids and proteins, it is widely involved in a series of important physiological processes. Since there are few reports on the research of AKG in stomatology, this paper reviews the physiological function of AKG and its research advances in stomatology, which may lay a theoretical foundation for broadening the application of AKG in stomatology.
With the continuous explorations and researches of osteocytes, osteocytes are no longer mistaken for a kind of quiescent and passive cells, but active and positive cells, which play important regulatory roles in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. While an increasing number of studies have identified key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms related to osteocytes. To some extent, the role of osteocyte apoptosis and its complex mechanisms occurring in various states of pathologies are still not elucidated. If further studies can be performed, this will help to fully understand the function and mechanism of osteocytes in a variety of states, as well as provide a novel target for bone diseases. At present, there are many reports about osteocytes regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this paper, the research progresses in regulation and mechanism of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by osteocytes are reviewed.
Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of maxillofacial chainsaw injuries, and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of maxillofacial chainsaw injury. Methods: Seven patients with maxillofacial trauma caused by chainsaw that visited the Emergency Department of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from Jan 2022 to Jan 2023 were included. Demographic information, wound variables, treatments, and postoperative healing characteristics were collected to analyze the pathogenesis and summarize the treatment experience of maxillofacial chainsaw injury. Results: All patients underwent first-stage debridement and suture within 10 hours after injuries, among which 77.78% (7/9) of them underwent debridement and suture within 6 hours after injuries. The health education and wound nursing management were conducted postoperatively. Post-treatment wound healing was satisficed in 6 patients, while one patient had permanent right eye blindness, and one patient suffered wound infection after treatment, Conclusion: Multidimensional prevention strategies should be established to standardize the practice behavior of chainsaw and reduce the incidence of maxillofacial trauma caused by chainsaw. Came to an emergency, medical staffs and patients should take active measures to reduce the incidence of postoperative vital organ function impairment and complications.
Objective: To explore the feasibility and efficacy of the clinical application of transoral endoscopy in the posterior parapharyngeal space. Methods: The clinical data of 2 patients underwent transoral endoscopic nerve sheath tumor resection in the posterior parapharyngeal space were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical symptoms, signs, imaging examinations, pathological types, postoperative complications and their management, and the feasibility of the surgical route was analyzed. Results: The tumors were completely resected in both patients. There was no recurrence at 2 years of follow-up. Postoperative complications included: One patient developed Horner's syndrome postoperatively; one patient developed postoperative unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Conclusion: Transoral endoscopic surgery for resection of parapharyngeal space tumors is a good minimally invasive route with less bleeding, which is safe and controlled, without cervicofacial incision. However, the long-term efficacy still needs to be further verified by a large number of surgical cases.
