Angiogenesis is one of the most important factors for the success of bone augumentation. Cortical bone decortication is considered as an essential part of bone augumentation procedure to promote angiogenesis. However, the actual role of decortication in bone augumentation is controversial derived from the present studies. This article summarizes the research results of decortication on guided bone regeneration (GBR), block bone grafting and periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) through literature review, and analyzes the mechanism of decortication on bone regeneration and the reasons for the inconsistency of research results, in order to provide reference for clinicians to perform decortication in the process of bone augmentation.
Objective: To investigate the effects of LIM domain 7 (Lmo7) on chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and migration of ATDC5 cells in vitro.Methods: Incubate ATDC5 cells in vitro, cell immunofluorescence was used to determine the location of Lmo7 in ATDC5 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the genetic expression of Lmo7 during chondrogenic differentiation. ATDC5 cells was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the genetic expression level of Lmo7, markers of chondrogenic differentiation were detected by RT-qPCR after chondrogenic induction. The effect of Lmo7 knockdown on proliferation was observed by CCK8 assay. Wound-healing assay was used to determine the effect of Lmo7 knockdown on migration.Results: Lmo7 is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of ATDC5 cells. After chondrogenic induction in vitro, Lmo7 upregulated significantly together with chondrogenic marker. After knockdown of Lmo7 by siRNA, chondrogenic marker SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9), type Ⅱ collagen (Col2) upregulated significantly. CCK8 assay showed that the proliferation of knockdown group was higher than that of control group. In wound-healing assay, the healing efficiency of knockdown group was lower than that of control group.Conclusion: Lmo7 is upregulated during chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells. Knockdown of Lmo7 leads to promotion of chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Inhibiting the expression level of Lmo7 promoted proliferation but inhibited migration of ATDC5 cells.
Objective: To investigate the effect of mechanical stretch on the chondrogenic differentiation of rat condylar fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs).Methods: Triple-lineage induction was used to verify the multi-lineage differentiation ability of rat condylar FCSCs, and flow cytometry was conducted to examine the surface markers of rat condylar FCSCs. Afterward, the rat condylar FCSCs were stretched with a strength of 10% for 48 h, and the expression of related chondrogenic genes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. We also established rat mandibular advancement (MA) model to find out the in vivo effect of mechanical stretch on the superficial layer of the condylar cartilage.Results: The rat condylar FCSCs could differentiate towards adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis, and they expressed mesenchymal markers CD90 and CD29, while negative for hemopoietic markers CD45 and CD11. Compared with the Control group, the Stretch group expressed a higher level of SRY-related high mobility group-box 9 (Sox9), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4), and typeⅠcollagen (Col1) genes, while a lower level of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) gene. In vivo, mechanical stretch could increase the superficial layer thickness in the rat condylar cartilage compared with the Control group.Conclusion: Mechanical stretch can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of rat condylar FCSCs and the cartilage matrix formation in the superficial layer of the condylar cartilage.
Objective: To investigate the effect of Nudix hydrolase 1 (NUDT1) on the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, and its mechanism of function was tentatively explored.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to examine paraffin sections of 30 patient tissues with OSCC and 10 normal oral mucosa tissues. The expression of NUDT1 in OSCC cells and normal oral mucosal epithelial cells was detected by Western blotting. In addition, the expression of NUDT1 was down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference. The effect of NUDT1 silencing on cell proliferation in OSCC cell lines CAL27 and HN30 was examined by CCK8 assay, and the effect of NUDT1 silencing on cell apoptosis was analyzed by immunofluorescence through an apoptosis kit.Results: Immunohistochemistry assay showed that NUDT1 expression was higher in OSCC tissues than that in normal oral mucosa tissues, and Western blotting assay revealed that NUDT1 expression was elevated in OSCC cells (CAL27 and HN30 cells) compared with that in normal oral mucosal epithelial cells (P<0.01). Inhibition of NUDT1 gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation ability of OSCC cells (P<0.05), and promoted apoptosis of OSCC cells.Conclusion: NUDT1 expression was elevated in OSCC tissues, compared to that in normal oral mucosa tissues. Downregulation of NUDT1 was important for inhibiting the proliferation of OSCC cells and promoting apoptosis of OSCC cells.
Objective: To investigate the effect of paclitaxel combined with ipatasrtib on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line Cal-27 to study the changes of the proliferation level and autophagy level, which will provide the basis for further research and clinical application of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods: The optical density values of paclitaxel and ipatasertib alone and in combination in Cal-27 cell line were determined by CCK8 assay, and the lethality of the corresponding drugs was further compared to find the most suitable concentration of combination therapy. The expression of autophagy-related protein LC3 among different groups was compared by cell immunofluorescence assay; the autophagy-related protein (mTOR, LC3, Beclin-1, P62) of different groups was observed by Western blotting.Results: Both paclitaxel and ipatasertib alone and in combination promoted the death and proliferation of Cal-27 cells, and the combination resulted in higher cell lethality and inhibition than alone; both paclitaxel and ipatasertib alone and in combination enhanced autophagy in Cal-27 cells, and the combination was more effective than alone.Conclusion: Paclitaxel combined with ipatasertib can promote the death of OSCC cell line Cal-27 and inhibit its proliferation, and the effect was enhanced compared with that of a single drug, and both methods promoted the occurrence of autophagy to varying degrees.
Objective: To investigate the expression of Gasdermin (GSDM) protein family in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) and its diagnostic and prognostic value.Methods: Based on UALCAN and other public databases, the differential expression of GSDM protein family in HNSCC and its correlation with poor prognosis of HNSCC patients were analyzed, and the correlation between GSDM protein family and immune cell infiltration was clarified.Results: Compared with normal tissues, GSDM protein family was significantly increased in HNSCC tissues, and it was closely correlated with longer overall survival (OS) and immune cell infiltration in HNSCC patients. The gene function of GSDM protein family in HNSCC was mainly concentrated in pyrodeath. The Kyoto Encyclopedin of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was mainly rich in human papilloma virus infection. The GSDM protein family had a certain mutation rate in HNSCC.Conclusion: Based on tumor bioinformatics analysis, the expression level of GSDM protein family in HNSCC tissues is different from that in normal tissues, and its expression level is correlated with immune cell inflitration and tumor prognosis, which can be used as a prognostic marker of HNSCC and a target for gene therapy.
Cephalometric analysis is indispensable for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. With the development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology, 3D imaging is increasingly used to assess dentomaxillofacial deformity and formulate treatment plans. 3D cephalometric analysis based on multi-modal data contains more anatomical information than traditional 2D cephalometric analysis, which can be used to conduct a more comprehensive diagnosis of patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities, and has become a research hotspot. However, its application is accompanied by the problem of time-consuming and laborious. In recent years, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in the automation of landmark positioning, data collection and analysis in 3D cephalometric measurement. In this article, research status and the auxiliary application of AI in 3D cephalometric analysis were reviewed and summarized.
Objective: To investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib on emergence agitation in children after extraction of supernumerary teeth under sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods: A total of 80 children who underwent extraction of supernumerary teeth in the hospital from August 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, the subjects were divided into combination group and control group. A total of 40 children (combination group) received intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) and parecoxib (0.75 mg/kg) at 10 min before anesthesia induction, continuous injection of dexmedetomidine [0.4 μg/(kg·h)] after anesthesia induction till 5 min before the end of surgery, and the other 40 children (control group) received injection of the same dose of normal saline, and injection of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) combined with normal saline in the same way. Both groups were mantained under anesthesia with 2% to 4% sevoflurane, and sevoflurane was immediately discontinued upon completion of the surgery. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) at the time of entering the room (T0), 10 min after prespecified drug infusion (T1), intubation (T2), entering the recovery room (T3), and recovery (T4) were compared between the groups. The recovery time of spontaneous breathing, extubation time, time to leaving recovery room, agitation and sedation during recovery period, and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded.Results: There were statistically significant differences in HR and MAP in terms of time effect, inter-group effect, and interaction effect (P<0.05). From T1—T4, the combination group had lower HR and MAP than the control group (P<0.01). The recovery time of spontaneous breathing and time to leaving recovery room in the combination group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The pediatric anaesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scores and the incidence of emergence agitation in the combination group were lower than those in the control group, and the Ramsay sedation scores were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions showed no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine combined with parecoxib in pediatric supernumerary teeth extraction under sevoflurane anesthesia is beneficial to maintain perioperative hemodynamic stability, shorten recovery time from anesthesia, and inhibit emergence agitation, without increasing adverse reactions.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a metabolic disorder and a form of jaw osteonecrosis that arises from the use of bisphosphonates, anti-angiogenic drugs, and other medications in the treatment of conditions such as malignant tumor bone metastasis and osteoporosis. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) has categorized MRONJ into five stages based on clinical manifestations. Within this classification, the at-risk category encompasses asymptomatic patients who have received intravenous or oral antiresorptive therapy but show no apparent necrotic bone. Stage 0 refers to patients who exhibit no clinical evidence of necrotic bone yet present with nonspecific symptoms or clinical and radiographic findings. Presently, the diagnosis and treatment of stage 0 MRONJ still exhibit uncertainties. There is controversy regarding the effective prevention of progression from at-risk and stage 0 patients to established MRONJ. This article reviews the diagnostic approaches and current treatment status of stage 0 MRONJ, analyzes the clinical practices and research findings concerning invasive oral procedures for at-risk patients, and highlights the controversies and uncertainties within the current research field. The aim is to provide valuable insights and references for future scientific research and clinical practice.
During the growth, development, and injury repair processes of mammals, organelles undergo self-regulation through a series of complex regulatory mechanisms when subjected to interference from inside or outside, in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. This process is known as organelle stress response. The Golgi apparatus is a key organelle within the cell, not only participating in physiological activities such as the processing and modification of intracellular proteins, lipid metabolism, and vesicular transport, but also playing an important role in ion homeostasis and stress responses. Bone metabolism is an important and complex process for maintaining skeletal health, involving the coordinated action of various cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this process, the stress response of the Golgi apparatus helps to maintain the intracellular homeostasis and physiological functions of bone cells. This article reviews the research progress on Golgi apparatus stress response, including its structure, function, triggering factors, signal transduction pathways, and its impact on the function of bone tissue cells, aiming to provide new insights for the treatment of bone diseases.
Implant-supported telescopic overdenture is a type of implant-supported overdenture characterized by high technical complexity and intricate procedures. Despite these challenges, it has the potential to yield satisfactory outcomes and presents promising prospects. This paper reviews its research progress on three key aspects: Concept and classification, advantages and disadvantages, and clinical applications. The current research findings are synthesized to provide insights into the future directions of research in the field of implant-supported telescopic overdentures.
Branchial cleft cyst carcinoma is very rare in clinic, and the clinical signs are not specific. The diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst carcinomas should strictly follow the latest diagnostic criteria, and be distinguished from benign cystic lesions and cystic metastatic carcinomas. This paper reports a case of branchial cleft cyst carcinomatous transformation in our hospital, and reviews its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up with reference to the literature. It aims to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To observe and analyze a case of recurrence of buccal squamous cell carcinoma repaired by giant anterolateral thigh flap under the cooperation of multi-disciplinary team (MDT).Methods: In August 2020, a patient with advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence was treated with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical treatment, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy under the cooperation of oral cavity head and neck MDT, and the prognosis and repair and reconstruction effect of the patient were followed up.Results: The wound of the patient healed at first stage after operation, and the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were successfully completed. There was no recurrence after two and a half years of operation. Compared with traditional treatment, the treatment cycle is greatly saved, and the survival rate and satisfaction of patients have been improved.Conclusion: For patients with refractory oral cancer such as recurrence and advanced periods, a "personalized" treatment plan can be formulated in the MDT mode, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Submental artery perforator flap (SMAPF) is often used for the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects after tumor resection. This paper presents a case of a patient with carcinoma of lacrimal sac involving the orbital cavity and nasal sinuses treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University. The patient underwent enucleation of orbital contents and repair of the eyecup defect using a long-vascular pedicle SMAPF, and the follow-up after surgery showed good recovery without recurrence.
Spontaneous mandibular bone regeneration is usually defined as a phenomenon that self-formation of new bone in mandibular critical size defects. The aim of this study was to present two cases of spontaneous mandibular bone regeneration after segmental resection and review the literature. Since the first report of such case in 1946, only 51 cases have been reported in the English literature, most of which are isolated reports, and in most cases the phenomenon of bone regeneration are unexpected. Furthermore, none of such cases have been reported in the Chinese literature. While the exact explanation or mechanism of this bone regeneration is not clearly understood. Many predisposing factors, including the presence of the periosteum, presence of stumps or fragments of bone, the age of the patient, post-operative immobilization, local infection and genetic factors, have been suggested. It is suggested that for those patients requiring partial or segmental mandibulectomy, the periosteum should always be preserved if conditions permit for some spontaneous bone regeneration.
