This article focuses on the clinical prevention and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients treated with bone-modifying agents (BMAs) [bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab]. Integrating domestic and international consensus guidelines with clinical practice, it proposes a comprehensive, risk-stratified prevention and management strategy. The article systematically analyzes the three major high-risk factors for MRONJ (medication-related, systemic, and local oral factors), emphasizing the difference in MRONJ risk associated with different drug regimens (low-dose vs. high-dose), and constructs a four-tier (R0–R3) risk stratification system accordingly. For each risk level, the paper elaborates on corresponding key focuses for oral screening, preventive interventions, indications for invasive procedures (such as tooth extraction), and perioperative management protocols. Specific guidance is provided for high-risk (R3) patients regarding drug holidays, radiographic evaluation, minimally invasive surgery, and wound management strategies. The aim of this article is to promote a shift in the clinical approach to MRONJ from a reactive treatment model to a proactive prevention model, providing systematic reference for dentists to effectively reduce the incidence of MRONJ while ensuring the treatment of patients' underlying systemic diseases.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting periodontal supporting tissues, which is closely associated with various systemic diseases. In recent years, a number of epidemiological investigations have revealed the possible independent association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction to some extent, and certain research results suggest that periodontal pathogens may be one of the important factors mediating this association. Based on the current research data, the link between the two diseases has yet to be established. This article reviews the research progress on the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction, with the aim of evaluating the existing epidemiological evidence, elucidating potential pathological mechanisms, and providing a theoretical basis for interdisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies.
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs), a class of cellular organelles associated with cellular metabolism, are composed of a neutral lipid core encapsulated by a monolayer phospholipid polar membrane. Initially regarded as static energy reservoirs with relatively simple functions, LDs have been the subject of recent advancements that have significantly expanded our understanding of their biogenesis mechanisms and functions. Beyond serving as central hubs for intracellular lipid metabolism, LDs actively participate in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases, while playing critical regulatory roles in host immune responses. This paper provides a review of research in these fields.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm that uncommonly occurs in the jawbones. This article presents a case of LCH in the mandible in an adult, and through a review of the relevant literature, aims to discuss its clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment options, to enhance clinicians' understanding of this disease.
Stafne bone cavity (SBC), also known as static bone cavity, is a rare bony defect on the lingual side of the mandible. SBC is usually seen in the mandibular angle region and is rarely located in the anterior mandible. This paper reports a case of SBC located in the premolar region of the mandible. By reviewing relevant literature, we aim to strengthen dentists' understanding of SBC in atypical locations and avoid misdiagnosis.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) typically originates from major salivary glands but may also arise primarily from minor salivary glands in the palate. It can show diverse clinical symptoms, such as masses, pain, or ulcers. However, cases presenting primarily with mucosal erythema are relatively rare. This article reports a case of palatal MEC that presented erythema as the main clinical feature, and discusses its clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.
