摘要：

下颌后牙缺失常导致牙槽骨水平向吸收，选择恰当的骨增量方案是保障种植修复长期成功的关键。本文创新性地提出以“缺损形态”为核心的分类体系，根据种植体位置与邻牙牙槽嵴外轮廓的空间关系，将骨缺损划分为潜在型、有利型、部分有利型与不利型四类，以评估其空间维持能力。在此基础上，文章系统归纳了不同类别缺损所对应的种植时机与增量术式选择，建立了清晰的临床决策路径，以期为下颌后牙区的种植修复流程提供参考。

关键词: 下颌后牙区, 水平向骨增量, 牙槽骨缺损量, 水平骨缺损分类, 种植体-牙槽骨水平位置关系

Abstract:

Horizontal alveolar bone resorption is common following tooth loss in the posterior mandible. Selecting an appropriate bone augmentation strategy is key to ensuring the long-term success of implant restoration. This article innovatively proposes a defect morphology-based classification system, categorizing bone defects into potential, favorable, partially favorable, and unfavorable types by analyzing the spatial relationship between the implant position and the outer alveolar ridge contour of adjacent teeth. This classification helps assess the spatial maintenance capacity of the defect site. Based on this classification, the article systematically outlines the corresponding implant timing and augmentation technique selection for different defect categories, establishing a clear clinical decision-making pathway to provide a reference for the implant restoration workflow in the posterior mandible.

Key words: posterior mandible, horizontal bone augmentation, alveolar bone defect volume, classification of horizontal bone defects, implant-alveolar bone horizontal positional relationship