Abstract:

Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs), a class of cellular organelles associated with cellular metabolism, are composed of a neutral lipid core encapsulated by a monolayer phospholipid polar membrane. Initially regarded as static energy reservoirs with relatively simple functions, LDs have been the subject of recent advancements that have significantly expanded our understanding of their biogenesis mechanisms and functions. Beyond serving as central hubs for intracellular lipid metabolism, LDs actively participate in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases, while playing critical regulatory roles in host immune responses. This paper provides a review of research in these fields.

Key words: lipid droplets, lipid metabolism, cellular physiological stress, metabolic reprogramming, innate immune response

摘要：

哺乳动物脂滴（lipid droplets，LDs）是一种与细胞代谢相关的细胞器，由中性脂质核心组成，被单层的磷脂极性膜包裹。LDs最初被认为仅有相对简单和非动态的能量储备功能，但近期的研究对其生物发生机制和功能的理解取得了重大进展。LDs不仅是细胞内脂质代谢的调节中枢，还参与炎症和感染性疾病的发生、发展，并在调节宿主免疫反应中发挥重要作用，本文就LDs在这些领域中的研究进展作一综述。

关键词: 脂滴, 脂质代谢, 细胞生理应激, 代谢重编程, 先天免疫反应