摘要：

牵张成骨（distraction osteogenesis，DO）是一种通过特定牵张装置逐步牵引骨段以促进新骨生成的外科技术。该技术最初用于矫形外科，20世纪90年代引入颅颌面外科后，其在下颌骨发育不足、颌骨缺损修复等领域得到广泛应用。本文综述了下颌骨DO的基本原理、技术要点、适应证及优缺点，并探讨了不同类型的牵张模式，包括单点式、两点式及三点式牵张。DO的优点在于无需骨移植、手术创伤小且可同期牵张软组织，但其较长的疗程及并发症仍然是技术推广的挑战。未来，结合影像导航及人工智能技术优化手术方案，有望提高治疗精度和稳定性。

Abstract:

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique that promotes new bone formation by gradually pulling apart bone segments using a specialized distraction device. Initially developed for orthopedic surgery, DO was introduced into craniofacial surgery in the 1990s and has since been widely applied in the treatment of mandibular hypoplasia and jaw defect reconstruction. This paper reviews the fundamental principles, technical aspects, indications, advantages, and disadvantages of mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and discusses different distraction modes, including unifocal, bifocal, and trifocal distraction. The advantages of DO include the avoidance of bone grafting, minimal surgical trauma, and simultaneous soft tissue expansion. However, its long treatment duration and associated complications remain challenges for broader clinical application. In the future, the integration of imaging navigation and artificial intelligence is expected to enhance surgical precision and treatment stability.

中图分类号: 

• 牵张成骨

• 矫形外科

• 颌骨缺损

• 下颌骨

• distraction osteogenesis

• orthopedic surgery

• jaw defect

• mandible