摘要： 目的：探讨输液管在儿童替牙期含牙囊肿开窗引流术中的作用。方法：分析2003-12—2011-12我院口腔颌面外科收治的经病理证实为含牙囊肿的替牙期儿童病例22例，平均年龄11岁，所有病例术前均拍摄曲面断层片和局部小牙片，囊肿直径3～5 cm，其中含多生牙9例。术中拔除部分乳牙及多生牙，于拔牙创处开窗，切取部分囊壁，拔牙创口置直径0.4 cm、长约1.0～1.5 cm输液管，并固定于牙龈或邻近牙齿。每日冲洗，术后3个月、6个月、1年随访，同时拍摄曲面断层片检查。结果：所有病例在开窗术后早期局部轻度红肿疼痛，3个月后囊肿明显减小，6～7个月时骨质膨隆消失，10～11个月时X线检查囊肿低密度影像消失。13例恒牙自行正位萌出，4例出现尖牙与侧切牙错位萌出，5例恒牙未自行萌出。在开窗引流期间，无1例患者伤口感染，均引流通畅。结论：输液管在儿童替牙期含牙囊肿开窗引流术中，具有操作简单、患者术后依从性高、创伤痛苦小、复诊次数少、引流通畅、成本低廉、易于推广等特点，是治疗儿童替牙期含牙囊肿的较理想方法。

关键词: 输液管, 替牙期, 含牙囊肿, 开窗术

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of transfusion tube irrigation and drainage  in the management  of dentigerous cysts in the period of mixed dentition. Method: 22 children patients whose pathological diagnoses were dentigerous cysts were retrospectively reviewed.  Patients′ average age was 11 years old and diameters of cysts were from 3 to 5 centimeters, 9 patients had supernumerary teeth. All patients were operated by cyst fenestration through tooth extraction wounds. At the same time some baby teeth and supernumerary teeth were extracted. Cystic fluids were suctioned completely. The transfusion tube with 0.4cm in diameters and 1.0 to 1.5 cm in length were placed into cystic cavity, fixed and sutured with adjoining teeth or gum. Normal saline irrigation and drainage of cystic cavity through transfusion tube 3-4 times per day. The patients were followed-up and took panoramic radiography after 3 months, 6 months and 1-year respectively. Results: All patients had a little pain and local edema in the early period of post-operation but without infection. Cystic cavities reduced significantly after 3 months and the lamella of bone surrounding the cyst   disappeared after 6-7 months. The capsular spaces disappeared by X-ray examination after 10-11 months. 13 patients′ permanent teeth erupted, 4 patients′ permanent teeth erupted on malposition but 5 patients′ permanent teeth did not erupt. Conclusion: The transfusion tube used in the irrigation and drainage of fenestrated dentigerous cyst in the period of mixed dentition has advantages: easy operation, less trauma and pain, fewer referral, unobstructed drainage, low-cost, easy to spread and so on. Therefore, it is an ideal method of choice.

Key words: transfusion tube, mixed dentition, dentigerous cysts, artifistulation

中图分类号: 

• R782.13