摘要： 目的： 探究不同年龄段兔颞下颌关节（TMJ）关节盘、髁突和软骨下骨的生理特征的变化。方法：选取1、4、12和32周龄健康雌性新西兰大白兔各3只，取材TMJ，经脱钙处理后进行5 μm 连续切片，苏木精-伊红染色。分别对关节盘大小、髁突前后径，以及关节盘所对应软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度进行测量分析。采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：关节盘大小比较，4周组明显大于1周组（P=0.039），12周组明显大于4周组（P=0.007）；髁突前后径在4周和12周组间（P=0.003）显著增加；软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4～32周内（P<0.05）显著改变。结论：兔颞下颌关节关节盘和髁突在青春期前生长发育明显；髁突软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4周时开始出现明显改变。虽然青少年期和成年期兔髁突大小没有统计学差异，但是两者软骨下骨的骨质密度差异明显。

关键词: 兔, 颞下颌关节, 关节盘, 髁突, 软骨下骨, 生长发育, 骨密度

Abstract: Objective: To study the age-related changes of articular disc, condyle and subchondral bone in rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: Three New Zealand rabbit in each group  were obtained at the ages of 1-,4-,12- and 32- week, respectively. Animals were sacrificed and TMJ specimen was subjected to histolgical assessment to evaluate about the length of articular disc and condyle and the architecture of subchondral bone. One-way ANOVA using SPSS 19.0 software package was performed. Results: Articular disc significant elongated from 1- week to 4- week rabbits (P=0.039) and 4- week to 12- week rabbits (P=0.007). The increase of subchondral bone density (P<0.05) occurred from 1- week to 4- week and 4- week to 32- week rabbits respectively. The significant enlargement of condyle length occurred from 4- week to 12- week rabbits (P=0.003). Conclusion: The growth and development potential of the articular disc and the mandibular condyle were promintly before the adolesence. The morphology structure and bone mineral density of subchondral bone changed from 4 to 32 weeks after birth, resulting in the condyle enlargement at first and the increase of bone density afterwards. In additon, there was no significant changes in condylar cartilage between adolescence and adulthood. However, the architecture of the adulthood subchondral bone was much stronger than the adolescence condyle. These provided histological basis for adulthood mandibular condyle had a stronger adaptive capacity to alteration of pressure microenvironment in temporomandibular joint.

Key words: rabbit, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), articular disc, condyle, subchondral bone, growth, bone density

中图分类号: 

• R782.6