摘要：

鼻腭管位于上颌前牙区中央，起自鼻底的斯坦森孔，向前下走行至上颌中切牙腭侧的切牙孔，其中穿行血管神经束，支配上颌前腭部的血供和感觉。鼻腭管形态在人群中多变，且受多种因素影响。这些影响因素可能会导致上颌骨萎缩与鼻腭管体积膨大，从而使理想种植体位点不可避免地累及鼻腭管。近年来的研究表明，种植体与鼻腭管区域接触并未显著增加种植失败率，但是，为增加种植体与骨的接触面积，大部分研究主张应避免种植体表面与鼻腭管内容物直接接触，可通过优化种植体形态或对鼻腭管进行主动处理来实现种植体表面与骨组织的完全结合。但是，影响鼻腭管形态的关键因素及其临床处理策略仍有待进一步探究。因此，全面回顾鼻腭管形态学特征及其影响因素，总结不同类型鼻腭管的临床处理方法，并提出相关建议，具有重要临床意义。本文就上述方面进行文献回顾，并探讨相应的临床决策思路。

关键词: 鼻腭管, 牙种植体, 形态学特征, 鼻腭神经移除, 鼻腭神经移位

Abstract:

The nasopalatine canal is located centrally in the anterior maxilla, originating from the Stenson's foramen at the nasal floor and coursing anteroinferiorly to the incisive foramen on the palatal aspect of the maxillary central incisors. It contains neurovascular bundles that provide innervation and blood supply to the anterior palate. The morphology of the nasopalatine canal is highly variable in the population and is influenced by multiple factors. These factors may lead to maxillary atrophy and enlargement of the nasopalatine canal, making it inevitable that the ideal implant placement site involves the nasopalatine canal. Recent studies have indicated that implant contact with the nasopalatine canal region does not significantly increase failure rates. However, to maximize bone-to-implant contact, most research advocates avoiding direct contact between the implant surface and the contents of the nasopalatine canal. This can be achieved by optimizing implant design or by actively managing the nasopalatine canal to ensure complete bone-to-implant contact. Nevertheless, the key factors influencing nasopalatine canal morphology and corresponding clinical management strategies require further investigation. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the morphological characteristics of the nasopalatine canal, its influencing factors, along with a summary of clinical management approaches for different nasopalatine canal types and relevant clinical recommendations, is of significant clinical importance. This article provides a literature review on these aspects and discusses corresponding clinical decision-making strategies.

Key words: nasopalatine canal, dental implants, morphological features, nasopalatine nerve removal, nasopalatine nerve lateralization

中图分类号: 

• 鼻腭管

• 牙种植体

• 形态学特征

• 鼻腭神经移除

• 鼻腭神经移位

• nasopalatine canal

• dental implants

• morphological features

• nasopalatine nerve removal

• nasopalatine nerve lateralization