Abstract:

Following tooth loss, alveolar bone resorption often necessitates bone augmentation procedures, either prior to or during implant placement, to establish adequate foundation for implantation. However, common postoperative complications include wound dehiscence and membrane exposure, alongside significant patient discomfort such as swelling and pain. The implementation of a split-thickness soft tissue flap design facilitates tension-free closure while obviating the need for horizontal periosteal releasing incisions. This approach effectively preserves the blood supply to the surgical site and mitigates postoperative adverse reactions. This article systematically reviews the classification of split-thickness flap techniques and their respective indications, aiming to provide clinical guidance for incision design and soft tissue management in bone augmentation for dental implants.

Key words: dental implant, ridge augmentation, flap releasing, split-thickness design, primary healing

摘要：

牙缺失后常因牙槽骨吸收，需要在种植术前或术中行骨增量，以满足种植体的植入条件。然而，术后常出现创口开裂、膜暴露等并发症，且患者术后肿胀、疼痛等不良反应较为明显。通过软组织瓣的分层设计，可在实现瓣减张的同时，避免水平离断骨膜，有效保护术区血运，减轻术后反应。本文系统综述了瓣分层设计的术式分类及其适应证，以期为种植骨增量手术的切口设计与软组织处理提供临床参考。

关键词: 口腔种植, 骨增量, 瓣减张, 分层设计, 一期愈合