To investigate the clinical value of serum microRNA-942-5p (miR-942-5p) and microRNA-675-5p (miR-675-5p) expression levels in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of oral cancer.

A total of 116 patients with oral cancer admitted to Huanggang Central Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were enrolled as the observation group, and 120 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examination during the same period were recruited as the control group. Serum expression levels of miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with oral cancer occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p for oral cancer. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the expression levels of the two miRNAs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate their association with patient prognosis.

Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of serum miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p in the observation group were both decreased (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p were significantly associated with the occurrence of oral cancer (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between serum miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p levels in patients with oral cancer (r=0.516, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for miR-942-5p, miR-675-5p, and their combination in diagnosing oral cancer was 0.802, 0.768, and 0.846, respectively. Combined detection showed superior diagnostic performance compared with either marker alone (Z=2.201, 3.205, both P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low expression of miR-942-5p or miR-675-5p had significantly lower 2-year survival rates than those with high expression (P<0.05).

Serum miR-942-5p and miR-675-5p levels are decreased in patients with oral cancer. Combined detection of these two biomarkers may have good value in the auxiliary diagnosis of oral cancer, and their expression levels are associated with patient prognosis.

探讨血清微小RNA-942-5p（microRNA-942-5p，miR-942-5p）和微小RNA-675-5p（microRNA-675-5p，miR-675-5p）表达水平对口腔癌诊断及临床预后的临床价值。

选择黄冈市中心医院2020年2月至2022年2月收治的116例口腔癌患者作为观察组，同期120例健康体检者作为对照组。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）检测血清miR-942-5p和miR-675-5p的表达水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析口腔癌发生的相关因素；采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线评价2项指标对口腔癌的诊断效能；采用Pearson相关分析评价两者表达水平的相关性；采用Kaplan-Meier法分析其与患者预后的关系。

与对照组相比，观察组血清miR-942-5p、miR-675-5p相对表达水平均降低（P<0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，miR-942-5p和miR-675-5p与口腔癌发生相关（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，口腔癌患者血清miR-942-5p和miR-675-5p表达水平呈正相关（r=0.516，P<0.001）；miR-942-5p和miR-675-5p单独及联合诊断口腔癌的曲线下面积（area under the curve，AUC）分别为0.802、0.768、0.846，联合检测的诊断效能优于单项检测（Z=2.201、3.205，P均<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示，miR-942-5p和miR-675-5p低表达患者的2年生存率均低于高表达患者（P<0.05）。

口腔癌患者血清miR-942-5p、miR-675-5p水平均降低，二者对口腔癌的发生具有一定的预测价值，二者联合检测对口腔癌具有较好的辅助诊断价值，其表达水平与患者的临床预后有关。