摘要：

目的：探讨下前牙区多生牙的发生率和临床特征。方法：对2019年1月至2022年10月来苏州口腔医院就诊的患者进行回顾性分析，观察记录下前牙区多生牙的发生情况。应用SPSS24.0统计学软件分析所得的数据。查阅电子病例，记录下前牙区多生牙患者的口腔诊疗内容。结果：最终纳入下前牙区多生牙患者75例，下前牙区多生牙的发生率为0.99‰（75/75 465），男性（31例）少于女性（44例），性别间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本组病例多生牙特征：混合牙列患者占48.00%、1颗多生牙患者占92.00%、牙根未发育完成占65.43%、多生牙未萌出占65.43%、垂直正置生长占90.12%。多生牙在形态上类似下颌切牙、尖牙或前磨牙。多生牙的存在伴发下前牙区拥挤占52.00%；伴发邻近恒牙阻生、迟萌、乳牙滞留等占12.00%。本组研究病例还伴发乳牙列多生牙、乳恒牙先天缺失、乳恒牙融合牙、其他部位多生牙、含牙囊肿。75例患者中有35例在我院接受下前牙区多生牙拔除和/或正畸治疗。结论：下前牙区多生牙临床上虽不多见，但会影响美观和口腔功能，应引起口腔医师重视，常需要行多学科联合治疗，才能达到满意的效果。

关键词: 下前牙区, 多生牙, 牙齿数目异常, 曲面断层片

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of lower jaw. Methods: Patients who came to Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from January 2019 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the occurrence of supernumerary teeth in the anterior region was observed and recorded. SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The medical records of the patients with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region were reviewed and recorded. Results: A total of 75 patients with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of lower jaw were finally included. The incidence rate of supernumerary teeth in the lower anterior region was 0.99‰ (75/75 465). Boys (31 subjects) were less than girls (44 subjects), and the difference between the genders was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Features of supernumerary teeth in this group: Mixed dentition, one supernumerary tooth, root undeveloped, unerupted supernumerary and vertical positive growth accounted for 48.00%, 92.00%, 65.43%, 65.43%, 90.12%, respectively. Supernumerary teeth resembled mandibular incisors, canines or premolars in morphology. Overcrowding of lower anterior teeth accompanied by supernumerary teeth accounted for 52.00%. The incidence of impacted adjacent permanent teeth, delayed eruption and residual deciduous teeth was 12.00%. Patients were also accompanied by supernumerary teeth in primary dentition, congenital absence of deciduous and permanent teeth, fused teeth of deciduous and permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth in other parts, and even dentigerous cyst. 35 out of 75 subjects received extraction of anterior supernumerary teeth and/or orthodontic treatment in our hospital. Conclusion: Clinically, supernumerary teeth in the lower anterior region are rare and can affect the appearance and oral function, which should be paid attention to by dentists. Patients often need multidisciplinary treatment to achieve satisfactory results.

Key words: lower anterior region, supernumerary teeth, abnormality of tooth number, panoramic radiograph

中图分类号: 

• R782