摘要： 目的：通过比较超声骨刀法 、高速涡轮钻法 、常规去骨劈冠法拔除下颌近中低位阻生牙的手术时间及并发症的客观数据 ，明确各种方法的利弊，从而指导临床实践。方法：将 105 例符合条件的患者随机均分为 3 组，第1组采用超声骨刀法，第2组采用高速涡轮钻法，第3组采用常规去骨劈冠法。观察 3 组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、患者的主观感受以及疼痛程度等并发症，采用SPSS 19.0 软件对这些计量资料进行分析。结果：①手术时间3组彼此间均有差异，超声骨刀组＞常规方法组＞高速涡轮机组；②术中出血量3组彼此间均有差异，常规方法组＞高速涡轮机组＞超声骨刀组；③第1组对张口度的影响、疼痛程度以及颊周径增长量最小；④常规方法组的干槽症、断根、下唇麻木等并发症的比例明显高于其他两组；⑤常规方法组患者的主观感受最差。结论：利用超声骨刀拔除下颌近中低位阻生智齿，虽然手术时间略长，但其不良并发症的发生率明显低于其他方法，且比较容易被患者接受。

关键词: 超声骨刀；  , 阻生智牙；  , 并发症

Abstract: Objective: To summarize the clinical advantages of ultrasound boneknife in odontectomy of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth. Methods: One hundred and five patients with impacted wisdom teeth of the mandible were randomly divided into three groups and provided informed consents. Group A(n=35), ultrasound bone knife  was used for odontectomy; Group B (n=35), high speed turbine drill acted as the instrument; Group C(n=35), conventional ossisectors, elevators, and exolevers were used. The operative time length, intraoperative blood loss, patients' subjective feeling, and pain degree were recorded and evaluated.   Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The operation time length between three groups were different, Group A> Group C>Group B. Intraoperative blood loss: Group C>Group B>Group A. Group A patients  had the least effect on the mouth opening, the degree of pain and the increment of the buccal circumference. Dry socket syndrome and proportion of complications in Group C patients were significantly higher than the other two groups. Group C  patients had the worst subjective feelings. Conclusion: The use of ultrasonic bone knife in odontectomy demonstrates more advantages.

Key words: ultrasound bone knife, impacted wisdom teeth, complication

中图分类号: 

• R782.1