摘要：

种植体作为异物植入颌骨后，机体免疫系统与骨骼系统之间相互调节与适应，从而促进种植体周骨结合及骨改建，然而异物反应平衡的失调可能导致种植体周的骨丧失。本文总结了可能引发种植体周免疫反应并导致骨吸收的相关因素，包括种植体周微生物感染、种植体过载、不良的全身状况及种植体材料的生物磨损等。破骨细胞是目前已知的人体中唯一能导致骨吸收的细胞，因此本文以其生成为线索，梳理了巨噬细胞极化、核因子-κB受体激活因子配体（receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand，RANKL）/核因子-κB受体激活因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB，RANK)/骨保护素(osteoprotegerin，OPG)通路、核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB）通路等调节该过程的关键通路及因子。本综述讨论了种植体周骨丧失的免疫机制，为理解骨结合概念及从免疫角度治疗种植体周骨丧失提供了思路。

关键词: 牙种植体, 骨吸收, 骨免疫, 骨结合

Abstract:

After implantation of implants as foreign bodies into the jawbone, the immune and skeletal systems of the body regulate and adapt to each other, promoting bone resorption and remodeling around the implants. The imbalance of foreign body response may lead to loss of bone around the implants. This article summarizes the relevant factors that may trigger peri-implant immune response and lead to bone resorption, including peri-implant microbial infection, implant overload, poor overall condition, and biological wear of implant materials. Osteoclasts are currently the only known cells in the human body that can cause bone resorption, so their generation has been used as a clue to sort out several key pathways and factors that regulate this process, such as macrophage polarization, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) / receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) / osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. This review discusses the immune mechanism of peri-implant bone loss, providing insights for understanding the concept of osseointegration and treating peri-implant bone loss from an immune perspective.

Key words: dental implant, bone resorption, osteoimmunology, osseointegration

中图分类号: 

• R782